Quick Tips for AP Bio

I know many students nowadays are stacking up on AP courses, especially the AP sciences: AP Bio, AP Chem, AP Environmental Science, and even AP Physics.

There are other AP classes of course, but I guess I just wanted to give some advice if you are taking AP Bio this year as well as how to pass the exam and get good grades in the class. I took AP Bio last year (got an A in both semesters and a 4 on the AP test). Overall, I thought it was a really meaningful class and is something you can learn and use the rest of your life. So, here are some tips:

  1. The most important thing in AP Bio is not actually memorizing material! Yes, there are a lot of processes that you have to remember (Krebs Cycle, DNA replication…etc..), but it’s more important to understand the logical processes. How does this work? How does that work with this system? One process that worked for me was to read through the textbook and then brain dump everything I remembered. Then, for the things you forget, you can go back and fill your notes in! It’s a great way to practice your active memorization skills.
  2. I would say the other important thing is to use your AP Bio Princeton Review Books if you have them. I think there are some used ones in the library that are very cheap! They are great, especially for summarizing the most important materials. I would recommend using your school provided textbook and the AP Bio reviews at the same time, so that you can have 1. double the amount of information 2. It acts as a great review!
  3. The quizlets, Khan Academy videos, as well as some of the online free AP Bio tests are great to use to practice as well. Use the quizlets for the class tests! (p.s some of the questions actually popped up on the exam!) Also, the Khan Academy is great for when you don’t understand a topic since they honestly oversimplify everything. There are good online free AP Bio tests that you can use from Varsity Tutors. Nearing the day of the AP test, there is a public 2013 MCQ and FRQ exam posted from College Board (it was very helpful btw and also contained an answer key!)

To be honest, if you really love science, then you will really have a fun time with this class! The labs were really meticulous, but they are tested on the AP exam, so I would also just recommend looking over those before the exam as well. Good luck!

AP Biology books are available to check out from the Mission Viejo Library.

Calisthenics for Beginners

Are you interested in building muscle and working out? Yet, you don’t have the time or money to buy a gym membership/expensive equipment.

I suggest that you try calisthenics, which is a method of exercising entirely in the form of bodyweight exercises, meaning that you use your own weight and the force of gravity to build muscle. This method of exercising is excellent for those who are on a low-cost budget, yet still want an efficient way to workout and build strength and muscle.

Now what are some types of calisthenics exercises?

These exercises include Push-ups, Squats, Sit-ups etc.

Unlike traditional weightlifting, you do not use progressive overload, rather you can increase the intensity and difficulty of your workout, by using harder variations, for example, instead of a normal push-up, do a diamond pushup. You can also introduce more reps for each exercise per set.

For those of you who are new to working out, a “rep” is a single repetition of an exercise, such as 1 rep of a pushup being performing 1 pushup, a set is a set is a collection of reps performed one after each other. Take a 30-to-60-second break in between each set.

Keep in mind, that most of these exercises will only work 1 or 2 muscles, but they will each have their own respective variations which when performed can be used to work different muscles, such as close-grip push-ups rely more on the triceps, while shoulder-width pushups relying more on the chest.

Plyometrics is similar to calisthenics, but instead of solely building strength, plyometrics focuses on building explosiveness, which is especially beneficial for athletes.

Now that you understand what calisthenics are, you need a plan of the exercises that you will do, thus, I have created a beginner calisthenics plan for you, which I used to use. You will require a pull-up bar for these exercises, which can be found for up to $60, and will be very beneficial to building your back muscles. I am currently using a Kakiclay pullup bar on Amazon, which can be used for multiple exercises on that single pullup bar. (This is not sponsored in anyway, it is just what I found on Amazon and seemed like it was worth its price.)

Day 1(Upper Body):

  • Pull-Ups, 3 sets x 8 reps, Muscle Worked: Latissimus Dorsi
  • Chin-Ups, 3 sets x 8 reps, Muscle Worked: Biceps, Lats, Rear Delts, Forearms
  • Push-Ups: 3 sets x 12-15 reps, Muscle Worked: Chest, Shoulders, and Triceps
  • Dips: 3 sets x 8-10 reps, Muscle Worked: Triceps, Chest, Shoulders
  • Plank: 3 sets x 30-60 seconds, Muscle Worked: Core(Abdomen)

Day 2: Rest Day

Day 3 (Lower Body and Core):

  • Squats, 3 sets x 12-15 reps, Muscle Worked: Quads, Glutes, Hamstrings, and Lower Back
  • Lunges: 3 sets x 10 reps PER leg, Muscle Worked: Quads, Hamstrings, and Glutes.
  • Hanging Leg Raises: 3 sets of 10-12 reps, Engage lower abs.
  • Russian Twists: 3 sets if 30 reps, Use a weight or water bottle if too easy, Strengthens: Oblique Muscles on the Sides of the Torso.

Day 4 (Plyometric and Conditioning):

  • Box Jumps, 3 sets of 8-10 reps, Muscles Worked: Quads, Glutes, Calves, Hamstrings, and Hip Flexors
  • Depth Jumps, 3 sets of 6-8 reps, Same muscles worked as box jumps
  • Squat Jumps, 3 sets of 12-15 reps, Muscles Worked: Quads, Glutes, Calves, Hamstrings, Hip Flexors, and Lower Back Muscles
  • Lateral Bounds, 3 sets of 8-10 reps per side, Muscles Worked: Quads, Adductors, Abductors, Glutes, Calves, Hamstrings, and Hip Flexors
  • Burpees, 3 sets of 10-12 reps, Muscles Worked: Chest, Shoulders, Triceps, Core, Quads, and Hamstrings
  • Tuck Jumps, 3 sets of 12-15 reps, Same as Box Jumps
  • Clap Pushups, 3 sets of 8-10 reps, Chest, Shoulders, Triceps, and Core

Day 5 (Upper Body and Endurance):

  • Pull-Ups: 3 sets x 12-15 reps
  • Push-Ups: 3 sets x 15-20 reps
  • Diamond Push-Ups: 3 sets 10-12 reps
  • Planks: 3 sets x 75-90 second

Day 6: Rest Day

Day 7 (Full Body Workout):

  1. Pull-Ups: 3 sets x 8-10 reps
  2. Push-Ups: 3 sets x 12-15 reps
  3. Squats: 3 sets x 12-15 reps
  4. Hanging-Knee Raises 3 sets x 12-15 reps.
  5. Plank: 3 sets x 60 seconds

Remember that, the more proper form and less that you “cheat” out on your reps and workout, the better results that you will see, physically and mentally.

Make sure to stretch well before and after your daily workouts to avoid cramps and injuries. And make sure to consume protein after you work, out and carbs before you work out to supply you with energy.

Thank you for reading and viewing my calisthenics page! I wish you the best on your Calisthenics journey!

Apple iPhone 15

About a week ago, as it happens every year at this time, Apple released its new and improved iPhone, the iPhone 15. The original 15 currently has a starting price of $799, meanwhile the 15 Pro and Pro Max each have starting prices of $999 and $1199, respectively.

One of the biggest new features added to the iPhone 15 is the action button. This major addition replaces the ring/silent switch, which has been around since the creation of the iPhone, back in 2007. On top of just toggling between ring and silent mode, the action button is able to record voice memos, run shortcuts, turning on the flashlight, etc. It is a convenient way to perform smaller tasks, which enhances the user experience. The graphics have also been drastically improved in the new phone. The maximum brightness has been significantly increased since its predecessor. The 15 uses an A16 Bionic processor, which is not found in the original iPhone 14. Because of the USB-C 3.0, the the iPhone 15 has much better speed. It allows the phone to go about 20 times faster than the previous USB-C 2.0 port, creating a huge difference for the user. However, the iPhone 15 Pro is relatively the same as the 15. The only main difference is the camera hardware and quality, but for an extra $200, it may not be worth it for some.

Ultimately, the new iPhone 15 does have some tweaks and improvements compared to its predecessor. There is nothing extremely different that makes it seem like an entirely new phone, but it would be a good upgrade for a 2-3 year old phone.

Squats and Tips

My Labor Day was one of usual day, and my mom took me to the gym. I did squats today. Beginning of joining the gym, many of my exercising “forms” are incorrect. Before I injure myself, mom got me personal trainings which is one-on-one training. Now I know what correct forms are, I see many people are using the machines and exercising in incorrect way. Let me share what I have learned some tips. Today I would like to write about squats. 

Squats: 

– Front Squat

– Back Squat

– Sumo Squat 

– Jump Squat

Tips: 

  • First, you can’t let your knees go past your toes while doing a squat. 
  • Second, you must arch your back.
  • Third, you must squat like you’re about to sit on a chair. 

When my trainer told me this I had a hard time fixing my squatting stance or form but over time I started feeling better because my stance was better. 

The first squat I did was the front squats. They are supposed to work on your quads and glutes, back squats, sumo squats, jump squats. Most of the squats worked on my legs. For the jump squat, I was supposed to jump as high as I can and I got really pushed by my trainer so that my legs felt like twigs. 

After I worked out, my muscles were pumped up. This is a good thing to happen after a workout. It shows that my muscles have worked enough to where the muscle cells have been tearing and starting to build up the muscle. 

Protein: 

Make sure that you take protein after you workout within 30 minutes, because your muscles become like a sponge for being able to take a lot of protein so it is best to take protein right after you’re done with your workout. Then I went home and took my best nap I have ever had. 

Stop Cop City

Recently UN Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield claimed that the US would again be focusing on ‘conflict-induced famine and food insecurity’ during its presidency over the UNSC this month because she believes it is a national security, economic, and moral issue.

Atlanta citizens have been grappling with the issue of Cop City for quite some time now, and numerous riots have risen due to the severe environmental destruction and financial impacts it would have. Cop City, an unfinished establishment, is meant to serve as a Public Safety Training Center that would allow and nurture specialized training within law enforcement and those working in fire-departments. The building of the establishment first started in the spring of 2023 on an 85-acre plot of land near the South-River Forest. The 90 million dollars going into construction completely goes against what Ambassador Linda Thomas-Greenfield and the US are trying to focus on.

People have been wrongfully shot, imprisoned, and even killed as a result of these protests, and although I don’t personally condone the use of violence in order to make a change, I am very strongly against the construction of Cop City.

I believe that these 90 million dollars going into this project can be used to make a bigger difference within smaller communities in Atlanta; it is more than enough money to be able to provide poorer households with clean water/food, housing, better education, and so many other amenities and basic necessities. 

I have a friend who lives in Atlanta, and she attended a public commentary forum/rally in early June to advocate against Cop City. She told me that the event lasted for about 15 hours in city hall, and what really was disheartening for the both of us was that the council members weren’t even listening to the citizens that were pouring their hearts out by telling extremely personal stories about how this project has affected them. My friend also claimed that most of the council members seemed to be on their phones the entire time, and didn’t even really look up at the citizens on stand.

I feel that a deal or a system can be approached between states regarding a shared training facility, or some other existing space within Atlanta can be utilized. The ensured safety of people is important, but it shouldn’t be at the cost of mass deforestation and death. I think that a state can only be successful if it listens to its citizens, and takes the well-being and opinions of everyone into mind whilst making life-changing decisions.

Gift Ideas for Book Lovers

Whether it be for a birthday, a get-together, or a special holiday, deciding on the ideal gift for a person can leave many of us stumped. However, when it comes to finding the perfect present for your book-loving friend, I have a few suggestions to help you overcome your gift-giving challenges.

School Stationery Images - Free Download on Freepik

1. Stationery Galore!
Interests in reading and writing come hand-in-hand more often than not, so your book-loving friend will undoubtedly appreciate a new supply of stationery. Be it notebooks, pencils, bookmarks, or highlighters, a gift bag full of stationery will put a smile on any reader/writer’s face.

2. The Obvious Choice: Books!
Be it the newest edition of a loved series, or an exciting recommendation of your own, you can never go wrong with a heartfelt gift-given book. It doesn’t stop there, however, as a book-related gift can include a gift card for a bookstore, or even a subscription for an audiobook app!

32,925 Book Gift Stock Photos - Free & Royalty-Free Stock Photos from  Dreamstime
How To Style A Reading Nook - Emily Henderson

3. Reading Nook Essentials!
Readers know better than anyone that a comfortable reading area can turn a good book into an immersive adventure, which is why a few comfy essentials can make for the perfect gift! These can range from candles to cushions, and lamps to bookends. Enhancing your book-loving friend’s reading environment can show that you care for their passion.

Although a gift given with love is sure to please anyone, showing someone you care for their interests through a thoughtful gift says volumes about your dedication. For this reason, I hope these suggestions can come in handy when searching for the perfect bookish gift!

Teen Library Internship- applications accepted Aug. 7-21

Looking to gain real-world experience, leadership skills, and more? Check out the Teen Library Internship!

This is a paid position and there are 3 openings.

Internship will run from September 18 to December 15 (off 11/20-11/24).

Interns will work 15 hours per week (up to 5 hours from home).

There are 2 required days/times onsite per week. Mondays from 4:30 p.m.to 7:30 p.m. and Wednesdays from 6:00 p.m.to 9:00 p.m.

Complete the application and questions here (starting Aug. 7): https://www.governmentjobs.com/careers/missionviejo

Please reach out to me if you have any questions! ohoward@cityofmissionviejo.org

Bookmarks Mark the Spot

A bookmark is defined as: a strip of leather, cardboard, or other material used to mark one’s place in a book. Habitually, I blindly grab the item nearest to me to use as a bookmark. I mainly utilize hair holders, blankets, and even other books. I quickly realized this method causes me to often lose my page and items that I need. Paper, magnetic, and sticky-note bookmarks are some fun types of bookmarks that I learned about and wanted to share with people.


The type of bookmark that most people are familiar with is the simple rectangular paper bookmark. You just slide it in the inside corner of the page you are reading and then you can close the book. Sometimes, there may be a string connected to the top. While this type of bookmark is very easy to come by sometimes it may fall out of the book.

Magnetic bookmarks are a more secure way to mark a page. It is made by two pieces of magnets and a material that goes on the sides and holds them together by the top. The two magnets slide onto each side of your page, so you can easily find your spot. However, these bookmarks tend to be more expensive than paper bookmarks.

Sticky-notes also make great bookmarks, because they never fall out and you may already use them but there are many other ways to fold and bend them into a fun shape. For example, you can make a cute heart or a fun animal.

Personally, I like using the rectangular paper bookmarks, because they are easy to make and use, but I’ve tried out all of these and they are all really fun. I hope you consider making use of these ideas, because bookmarks are really helpful.

Now recruiting for the Teen Advisory Board!

Apply now to join the Teen Advisory Board!

The Teen Advisory Board is a group that meets once a month during the school year and works with the Teen Services Librarian to develop programs and services for the community.

Open to teens in grades 9 through 12, the recruitment process involves submitting an application and being interviewed by current TAB members. Teens will have the opportunity to create their own programs and take on leadership roles.

Meetings are the second Wednesday of each month from 6-7 pm. TAB members will be requited to complete 5 hours of volunteering per year with TAB.

Applications are available here.

Contact me with any questions and return completed applications to ohoward@cityofmissionviejo.org